Arizona and the Civil War Era (1850-1865) Review Questions
President Lincoln fabricated it clear to Southern secessionists that he would fight to maintain federal property and to keep the Wedlock intact. Other politicians, still, still hoped to avert the use of force to resolve the crisis. In February 1861, in an effort to entice the rebellious states to return to the Union without resorting to forcefulness, Thomas Corwin, a representative from Ohio, introduced a proposal to amend the Constitution in the Business firm of Representatives. His was but 1 of several measures proposed in January and February 1861, to head off the impending disharmonize and save the United states. The proposed amendment would take made it impossible for Congress to laissez passer whatever police force abolishing slavery. The proposal passed the House on February 28, 1861, and the Senate passed the proposal on March 2, 1861. Information technology was then sent to united states to exist ratified. Once ratified by iii-quarters of state legislatures, it would become police force. In his inaugural address, Lincoln stated that he had no objection to the amendment, and his predecessor James Buchanan had supported it. By the time of Lincoln'due south inauguration, however, seven states had already left the Union. Of the remaining states, Ohio ratified the amendment in 1861, and Maryland and Illinois did and then in 1862. Despite this endeavour at reconciliation, the Confederate states did non return to the Union.
Indeed, by the time of the Corwin amendment's passage through Congress, Amalgamated forces in the Deep Due south had already begun to take over federal forts. The loss of Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, Southward Carolina, proved to be the flashpoint in the contest between the new Confederacy and the federal regime. A small-scale Union garrison of fewer than one hundred soldiers and officers held the fort, making information technology a vulnerable target for the Confederacy. Fire-Eaters pressured Jefferson Davis to have Fort Sumter and thereby demonstrate the Confederate government's resolve. Some also hoped that the Confederacy would gain foreign recognition, especially from Great britain, by taking the fort in the South'south well-nigh important Atlantic port. The situation grew dire as local merchants refused to sell food to the fort'southward Marriage soldiers, and by mid-April, the garrison'due south supplies began to run out. President Lincoln let it be known to Confederate leaders that he planned to resupply the Union forces. His strategy was clear: The determination to commencement the state of war would rest squarely on the Confederates, not on the Union. On Apr 12, 1861, Confederate forces in Charleston began a bombardment of Fort Sumter (Figure). Two days later on, the Union soldiers there surrendered.
The attack on Fort Sumter meant state of war had come, and on Apr fifteen, 1861, Lincoln called upon loyal states to supply armed services to defeat the rebellion and regain Fort Sumter. Faced with the need to choose between the Confederacy and the Union, edge states and those of the Upper South, which earlier had been reluctant to dissolve their ties with the United states of america, were inspired to take action. They speedily voted for secession. A convention in Virginia that had been assembled before to consider the question of secession voted to join the Confederacy on April 17, two days subsequently Lincoln called for troops. Arkansas left the Union on May six forth with Tennessee one twenty-four hour period later. N Carolina followed on May 20.
Not all residents of the border states and the Upper South wished to join the Confederacy, notwithstanding. Pro-Union feelings remained strong in Tennessee, especially in the eastern part of the state where slaves were few and consisted largely of house servants owned by the wealthy. The state of Virginia—dwelling of revolutionary leaders and presidents such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe—literally was split on the upshot of secession. Residents in the north and west of the state, where few slaveholders resided, rejected secession. These counties subsequently united to class "West Virginia," which entered the Union as a gratis state in 1863. The rest of Virginia, including the celebrated lands forth the Chesapeake Bay that were home to such early American settlements as Jamestown and Williamsburg, joined the Confederacy. The addition of this area gave the Confederacy even greater hope and brought Full general Robert Due east. Lee, arguably the best military commander of the solar day, to their side. In add-on, the secession of Virginia brought Washington, DC, perilously shut to the Confederacy, and fears that the border state of Maryland would also join the CSA, thus trapping the U.S. capital within Confederate territories, plagued Lincoln.
The Confederacy also gained the backing of the V Civilized Tribes, as they were called, in the Indian Territory. The Five Civilized Tribes comprised the Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Seminoles, and Cherokees. The tribes supported slavery and many members endemic slaves. These Indian slaveholders, who had been forced from their lands in Georgia and elsewhere in the Deep Due south during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, now plant unprecedented common cause with white slaveholders. The CSA even allowed them to transport delegates to the Confederate Congress.
While most slaveholding states joined the Confederacy, 4 crucial slave states remained in the Spousal relationship (Figure). Delaware, which was technically a slave state despite its tiny slave population, never voted to secede. Maryland, despite deep divisions, remained in the Wedlock as well. Missouri became the site of vicious fighting and the abode of pro-Amalgamated guerillas but never joined the Confederacy. Kentucky alleged itself neutral, although that did little to terminate the fighting that occurred within the country. In all, these four states deprived the Confederacy of cardinal resources and soldiers.
Source: https://opened.cuny.edu/courseware/lesson/384/overview
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